There are always good reasons to install a stock factory ROM for a phone, I can think of some of them:

• clean factory reset before selling the device
• install the latest firmware
• install another official firmware (unbrand the phone)
• downgrade the firmware
• unbrick the device after a failed hack

Here’s what I’ve done.

Disclaimer

This is a complete reset, all the data will be lost, make a backup if you care about your data.

I am not responsible if you brick / ruin your device in any way. Basic computer skills required. Proceed with caution. I cannot be held responsible if anything goes wrong.

Device details

Model name: Galaxy A7 (2018)
Model code: SM-A750FN

Device Wikipedia page

Prerequisites

I’m working on Ubuntu 21.10, so I’ve to install these packages

$ apt install heimdall-flash lz4

Download original firmware

You can find original firmwares from various sites, in my case, I downloaded A750FNXXU5CUH2_A750FNOXM5CUH2_ITV.zip from https://www.sammobile.com/samsung/galaxy-a7-2018/firmware/#SM-A750FN. I had to create an account, so maybe there are better options.

Extract all the files from the firmware file

Explanation: the downloaded zip contains some .md5 files. They are actually .tar files, so we have to untar them (for the sake of clarity I prefer to rename them before). Each .tar contains, for the most part, .lz4 files. We have to extract the content of those files, too.

$ mkdir tmp
$ cd tmp/
$ unzip ../A750FNXXU5CUH2_A750FNOXM5CUH2_ITV.zip
$ rename 's:.md5$::' *.md5
$ for f in *.tar; do tar xf "$f" && rm "$f"; done
$ for f in *.lz4; do lz4 -d "$f" && rm -f "$f"; done

Here’s the content my folder after the extraction:

$ ls -1R
.:
A7Y18LTE_EUR_OPEN.pit
boot.img
cache.img
cm.bin
hidden.img
meta-data
modem.bin
modem_debug.bin
odm.img
omr.img
param.bin
recovery.img
sboot.bin
system.img
userdata.img
vendor.img

./meta-data:
download-list.txt
fota.zip

Boot the phone in Odin mode / Download mode

1. shutdown the device
2. disconnect USB cable
3. keep pressed Volume UP and Volume DOWN
4. connect USB cable

Start the procedure of complete firmware replacement

Test heimdall detection of the device

$ heimdall detect
Device detected

Print and store the partition table

$ heimdall download-pit --output a7.pit

(the phone will reboot and you’ll have to enter in Odin mode again. The --no-reboot argument of heimdall works, but the subsequent command will fail even if launched with --resume, so let’s reboot anyway.)

The .pit file is a binary file, but we can inspect it with the right heimdall command

$ heimdall print-pit --file a7.pit >a7.pit-decoded
$ cat a7.pit-decoded

Check if the device partition table matches the firmware’s one

$ md5sum <(heimdall print-pit --file a7.pit) <(heimdall print-pit --file A7Y18LTE_EUR_OPEN.pit)
737ea1830f953bdd7eb5297cf095592d  /dev/fd/63
737ea1830f953bdd7eb5297cf095592d  /dev/fd/62

Associate each file to the right partition to flash, as stated in the .pit file

$ for f in *; do echo -n "# $f: "; { grep -B1 "$f" a7.pit-decoded || echo "__not found__"; } | head -1; done | column -s: -t
# a7.pit                  __not found__   
# a7.pit-decoded          __not found__   
# A7Y18LTE_EUR_OPEN.pit   __not found__   
# boot.img                Partition Name   BOOT
# cache.img               Partition Name   CACHE
# cm.bin                  Partition Name   CM
# hidden.img              Partition Name   HIDDEN
# meta-data               __not found__   
# modem.bin               Partition Name   RADIO
# modem_debug.bin         Partition Name   CP_DEBUG
# odm.img                 Partition Name   ODM
# omr.img                 Partition Name   OMR
# param.bin               Partition Name   PARAM
# recovery.img            Partition Name   RECOVERY
# sboot.bin               Partition Name   BOOTLOADER
# system.img              Partition Name   SYSTEM
# userdata.img            Partition Name   USERDATA
# vendor.img              Partition Name   VENDOR

The .pit files must not be flashed, the meta-data entry in the list is a directory, so everything has a match.

With these informations we can build our flash command

$ heimdall flash --pit A7Y18LTE_EUR_OPEN.pit --BOOT boot.img --CACHE cache.img --CM cm.bin --HIDDEN hidden.img --RADIO modem.bin --CP_DEBUG modem_debug.bin --ODM odm.img --OMR omr.img --PARAM param.bin --RECOVERY recovery.img --BOOTLOADER sboot.bin --SYSTEM system.img --USERDATA userdata.img --VENDOR vendor.img

In my case it took ~3 minutes. Then the phone will reboot. The first boot will take up to ~5 minutes so don’t worry and be patient.